Disproven Facts
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Physics

Lightning never strikes the same place twice.

Now we know:

Lightning frequently strikes the same place multiple times. Tall structures like the Empire State Building are struck dozens of times per year.

Disproven 1930

What changed?

The Empire State Building is struck by lightning approximately 25 times per year. The Eiffel Tower, roughly the same. The CN Tower in Toronto is struck 75 to 80 times annually and operates a dedicated lightning research program precisely because of the predictable, repeated strikes it attracts.

The claim that lightning never strikes the same place twice has been demonstrably false since at least 1752, the year Benjamin Franklin installed the first lightning rod. The entire technology of the lightning rod depends on lightning striking the same place, reliably, repeatedly, by design. You attach a grounded metal rod to the top of a building because you want lightning to prefer that path over the rest of the structure. It works because lightning does exactly that.

Lightning is not a random event distributed evenly across the landscape. It follows physics. A cloud carrying an enormous electrical charge seeks the path of least resistance to ground. Tall objects, skyscrapers, radio towers, isolated trees, hilltops, provide shorter paths through the air, which is a poor conductor. They attract lightning because they always have. That is why tall trees in open fields are dangerous places to shelter during a storm, and why a second strike on the same tree, before it falls, is entirely ordinary.

The phrase almost certainly began its life as an expression of probability in everyday speech, meaning roughly: "the same bad luck is unlikely to strike twice in a row." As a comment on human fortune or accident, it's a reasonable heuristic. As a statement about atmospheric electricity, it is precisely backwards. The places lightning has struck before are, by definition, the places with the characteristics that make lightning strikes likely, and are therefore the places most likely to be struck again.

A dramatic lightning bolt illuminating the night sky.
A lightning bolt - the kind of powerful electrical discharge that preferentially strikes tall, isolated objects, which are therefore struck repeatedly. The claim that lightning never strikes the same place twice reverses the actual physics. · NOAA Photo Library - Public Domain
A lightning rod installation on a tall structure, designed to attract and safely ground lightning strikes.
A lightning rod installation - a technology that has worked since 1752 precisely because lightning strikes the same elevated point reliably and repeatedly. · Piotrus - CC BY-SA 3.0

At a glance

Disproven
1930
Believed since
1800
Duration
130 years
Taught in schools
1947 – 2018

Sources

  1. [1] Lightning: Physics and Effects - Rakov, V.A. and Uman, M.A., 2003
  2. [2] The Empire State Building - Lightning Rods and Research - NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, 2024